# continuation of exponent

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\textbf{Theorem.}\, Let $K/k$ be a finite field extension and $\nu$ an exponent valuation of the extension field $K$.\, Then there exists one and only one positive integer $e$ such that the function
$(1) \qquad\qquad\qquad \nu_0(x)\, := \, \begin{cases} & \infty \quad \mbox{when }\; x = 0,\\ & \frac{\nu(x)}{e} \;\; \mbox{when }\; x \neq 0, \end{cases}$
defined in the base field $k$, is an \PMlinkname{exponent}{ExponentValuation} of $k$.

{\em Proof.}\, The exponent $\nu$ of $K$ attains in the set $k\!\smallsetminus\!\{0\}$ also non-zero values; otherwise\, $k$ would be included in $\mathcal{O}_\nu$, the ring of the exponent $\nu$.\, Since any element $\xi$ of $K$ are integral over $k$, it would then be also integral over $\mathcal{O}_\nu$, which is integrally closed in its quotient field $K$ (see theorem 1 in ring of exponent); the situation would mean that\, $\xi \in \mathcal{O}_\nu$ and thus the whole $K$ would be contained in $\mathcal{O}_\nu$.\, This is impossible, because an exponent of $K$ attains also negative values.\, So we infer that $\nu$ does not vanish in the whole $k\!\smallsetminus\!\{0\}$.\, Furthermore, $\nu$ attains in $k\!\smallsetminus\!\{0\}$ both negative and positive values, since\, $\nu(a)\!+\!\nu(a^{-1}) = \nu(aa^{-1}) = \nu(1) = 0$.

Let $p$ be such an element of $k$ on which $\nu$ attains as its value the least possible positive integer $e$ in the field $k$ and let $a$ be an arbitrary non-zero element of $k$.\, If
$$\nu(a) = m = qe+r \quad (q,\,r \in \mathbb{Z},\;\; 0 \leqq r < e),$$
then\, $\nu(ap^{-q}) = m-qe = r$,\, and thus\, $r = 0$\, on grounds of the choice of $p$.\, This means that $\nu(a)$ is always divisible by $e$, i.e. that the values of the function $\nu_0$ in $k\!\smallsetminus\!\{0\}$ are integers.\, Because\, $\nu_0(p) = 1$\, and\, $\nu_0(p^l) = l$,\, the function attains in $k$ every integer value.\, Also the conditions
$$\nu_0(ab) = \nu_0(a)+\nu_0(b), \qquad \nu_0(a+b) \geqq \min\{\nu_0(a),\,\nu_0(b)\}$$
are in \PMlinkescapetext{force}, whence $\nu_0$ is an exponent of the field $k$.\\

\textbf{Definition.}\, Let $K/k$ be a finite field extension.\, If the exponent $\nu_0$ of $k$ is tied with the exponent $\nu$ of $K$ via the condition (1), one says that $\nu$ {\em induces} $\nu_0$ to $k$ and that $\nu$ is the {\em continuation} of $\nu_0$ to $K$.\, The positive integer $e$, uniquely determined by (1), is the {\em ramification index} of $\nu$ with respect to $\nu_0$ (or with respect to the subfield $k$).

\begin{thebibliography}{9}
\bibitem{BS}{\sc S. Borewicz \& I. Safarevic}: {\em Zahlentheorie}.\, Birkh\"auser Verlag. Basel und Stuttgart (1966).
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